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Hive Systems has released the 2025 edition of its widely respected Password Crack Time Estimate Table, leveraging the formidable power of 12 Nvidia RTX 5090 graphics cards to simulate modern password cracking capabilities. This annual update reflects the latest advances in consumer GPU technology and evolving password hashing practices, providing critical insights into how quickly various types of passwords can be brute-forced by attackers. Key Highlights of the 2025 Password Table Hardware Upgrade: The 2025 table is based on a cluster of twelve RTX 5090 GPUs, Nvidia's newest and most powerful consumer graphics cards, marking a significant performance leap over the previous year's use of twelve RTX 4090s. This upgrade results in nearly a 20% reduction in password cracking times compared to 2024. Hashing Algorithm and Settings: Hive Systems continues to use bcrypt as the hashing algorithm, set to a work factor of 10 (equivalent to 32,768 iterations). This reflects real-world practices observed in recent password breaches, where bcrypt with increased iteration counts is becoming the norm to slow down brute-force attacks. Cracking Speed Examples: A simple 8-digit numerical password can be cracked in as little as 15 minutes using the 12 RTX 5090 setup. Passwords made up of 8 lowercase letters can be cracked in about 3 weeks. More complex 8-character passwords that include numbers, uppercase and lowercase letters take approximately 62 years to crack. Adding symbols to such passwords extends cracking time to around 164 years. Performance Gains: A single RTX 5090 can crack an 8-digit numerical password in 3 hours, compared to 4 hours on an RTX 4090, showing a roughly 33% improvement in cracking speed per GPU. Implications for Password Security Hive Systems' findings underscore the accelerating threat posed by increasingly powerful hardware and smarter attack methods. Even with bcrypt's strong hashing and high iteration counts, modest passwords-especially those shorter than 10 characters or lacking complexity-are vulnerable to being cracked within months or even weeks if attackers have sufficient resources. The study emphasizes the importance of using longer passphrases with a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. For instance, an 18-character password composed of lowercase letters could take billions of years to crack, far surpassing the security of shorter, complex passwords. Methodology and Background Hive Systems builds its Password Table by analyzing real-world password breach data dating back to 2007, with a focus on the most common hashing algorithms used across websites. The 2025 edition reflects a shift from MD5 and other weaker hashes to bcrypt with higher work factors, aligning with current industry standards and breach trends. The table simulates brute-force attacks by generating all possible password combinations to match stolen password hashes, a process accelerated by GPUs' massively parallel computing power. This approach provides a realistic benchmark of how long it would take a well-funded attacker to crack passwords under various scenarios. Conclusion The 2025 Hive Systems Password Table reveals that password cracking is faster and more accessible than ever due to advances in GPU technology like the RTX 5090. Users and organizations must prioritize strong password hygiene-favoring long, complex passphrases and robust hashing algorithms-to stay ahead of evolving cyber threats. Hive Systems continues to provide a valuable resource for understanding these risks and guiding password security practices worldwide

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